How could the climate impact of these coal and gas proposals harm Australia's threatened plants?
Why are thousands of Australia's plants nationally protected?
From eucalypts and banksias to wildflowers and wattle, Australia boasts an incredible diversity of plant species. Plants provide both food and habitat for wildlife and are essential to human health and survival. However across Australia, thousands of plant species are at risk of extinction.
Climate threats to threatened plants
There are 1,384 plant species and subspecies listed as threatened at a national level.
Twelve Australian plant species are considered probably extinct and a further 21 species possibly extinct, while 206 are officially listed as critically endangered.
Of the 1209 threatened plant species we reviewed, 1046 were identified as likely to be impacted by climate change. These include the critically endangered Macquarie Cushions, the vulnerable Sparse Heath, and the endangered Maxwell’s Grevillea. The IUCN Red List notes drought and fire as key threats to the Maxwell’s Grevillea, with drought reducing flowering, seed set, population recruitment, and increasing mortality, while too frequent fire would deplete the soil seed bank.
Examples of threatened plants that climate change from new coal and gas proposals would harm
Macquarie Cushions
Maxwell’s Grevillea
Sparse heath
Climate risks to Macquarie Cushions
Macquarie Cushions (Azorella
macquariensis), Critically Endangered.
Photo: Jane Gosden, CC BY 3.0.
Macquarie Cushions (Azorella macquariensis) are estimated to be hundreds of years old. They live only on subantarctic Macquarie Island and are critically endangered.
Having survived for thousands of years, the plant is already struggling to cope with rapid climate breakdown and our research found future predictions are grim. Our research found the old growth cushion plant are threatened by both direct and implied climate damage.1
1 Conservation Advice, Azorella macquariensis (effective 13 July 2010), 2.
Climate risks and Maxwell's Grevillea
Maxwell’s Grevillea (Grevillea
maxwelli). Endangered.
Another example of threatened flora at risk from more climate damage is the Maxwell’s Grevillea.
Maxwell’s Grevillea (Grevillea maxwelli) is endemic to a small area near Pallinup on the south west coast of Western Australia. With dense, prickly foliage and bright orange-red flowers in winter to spring, this grevillea provides nourishment to nectar-seeking birds. It grows between 0.2 and 1.2 metres in height.
However Maxwell’s Grevillea is already endangered and our research found it is at risk from climate-fuelled drought and fire.
The IUCN Red List notes drought and fire as key threats to the Maxwell’s Grevillea, with drought reducing flowering, seed set, population recruitment, and increasing mortality, while too frequent fire would deplete the soil seed bank.2
2. Conservation Advice, Grevillea maxwellii (effective 1 October 2008), 2.
Climate risks and Sparse Heath
Sparse Heath (Epacris sparsa), Vulnerable.
Photo: Allthingsnative, CC BY 4.0.
Sparse Heath is another example of threatened flora at risk from climate change.
Sparse Heath is only only found in the Blue Mountains and the western parts of the Sydney area. With cream to greenish-white tubular flowers, the plant lives in Riparian Sandstone Scrub at the base of cliffs or rock faces, on rock ledges. It also grows among rocks in the flood zone near the lower Grose River, and in small pockets of damp clay soil on south-west facing slopes.
However Sparse Heath is vulnerable and our research found it is existence is threatened by bushfire and climate change.3
3 Conservation Advice, Epacris sparsa (effective 26 March 2008), 1.
Which plant species are under threat?
Critically endangered species
Abutilon julianae • Acacia cochlocarpa subsp. velutinosa • Acacia dangarensis • Acacia equisetifolia • Acacia leptoneura • Acacia purpureopetala • Acacia unguicula • Acanthocladium dockeri • Achyranthes arborescens • Achyranthes margaretarum • Andersonia annelsii • Androcalva adenothalia • Androcalva bivillosa • Anthosachne kingiana subsp. kingiana • Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum • Asplenium listeri • Asterolasia beckersii • Atalaya brevialata • Austrostipa jacobsiana • Azorella macquariensis • Banksia anatona • Banksia aurantia • Banksia fuscobractea • Banksia serratuloides subsp. perissa • Banksia vincentia • Boehmeria australis subsp. australis • Boronia inflexa subsp. torringtonensis • Bossiaea fragrans • Brachychiton sp. Ormeau • Brachyscias verecundus • Bruguiera x hainesii • Caladenia actensis • Caladenia anthracina • Caladenia attenuata • Caladenia campbellii • Caladenia cremna • Caladenia intuta • Caladenia lindleyana • Caladenia lodgeana • Caladenia luteola • Caladenia luteola • Caladenia melanema • Caladenia melanoma • Caladenia pallida • Caladenia pumila • Caladenia saggicola • Caladenia sp. Kilsyth South • Caladenia sylvicola • Caladenia tonellii • Calectasia cyanea • Callistemon megalongensis • Callistemon purpurascens • Callistemon wimmerensis • Calochilus cupreus • Calystegia affinis • Cassinia tegulata • Clausena excavata • Clematis dubia • Commersonia apella • Conospermum galeatum • Conostylis setigera subsp. dasys • Corunastylis ectopa • Corunastylis firthii • Corunastylis insignis • Corunastylis littoralis • Corunastylis sp. Charmhaven • Corybas sulcatus • Darwinia foetida • Dasymalla axillaris • Daviesia glossosema • Daviesia ovata • Diuris flavescens • Duma horrida subsp. abdita • Eidothea hardeniana • Elatostema montanum • Epacris graniticola • Epacris limbata • Epacris stuartii • Eremophila glabra subsp. Scaddan • Eremophila koobabbiensis • Eremophila sp. Narrow leaves • Eucalyptus recurva • Eucalyptus sp. Cattai • Euphorbia norfolkiana • Euphrasia argute • Euphrasia fragosa • Euphrasia gibbsiae subsp. psilantherea • Fontainea oraria • Galium antarcticum • Gastrolobium argyrotrichum • Gastrolobium diabolophyllum • Gastrolobium luteifolium • Gastrolobium vestitum • Gentiana bredboensis • Grevillea brachystylis subsp. grandis • Grevillea bracteosa subsp. howatharra • Grevillea caleyi • Grevillea hodgei • Grevillea rivularis • Grevillea scortechinii subsp. scortechinii • Grevillea sp. Gillingarra • Grevillea thelemanniana • Grevillea wilkinsonii • Guichenotia seorsiflora • Gyrostemon reticulatus • Haloragis platycarpa • Hemigenia ramosissima • Hibbertia abyssus • Hibbertia circinata • Hibbertia priceana • Hibbertia puberula subsp. glabrescens • Hibbertia sp. Toolbrunup (Hibbertia barrettiae) • Hibbertia spanantha • Hibbertia tenuis • Hibiscus insularis • Homoranthus bebo • Homoranthus bruhlii • Homoranthus elusus • Hybanthus cymulosus • Isopogon robustus • Kardomia prominens • Kunzea similis subsp. similis • Lasiopetalum sp. Mount Caroline • Lasiopetalum sp. Proston • Latrobea colophona • Leionema lamprophyllum subsp. fractum • Lepidorrhachis mooreana • Leucopogon sp. Flynn • Leucopogon spectabilis • Lomatia tasmanica • Lysiosepalum abollatum • Melicytus latifolius • Meryta latifolia • Myoporum obscurum • Nematoceras dienemum • Nitella parooensis • Notelaea ipsviciensis • Oberonia attenuata • Paragoodia crenulata • Persoonia pauciflora • Phebalium daviesii • Phebalium distans • Phebalium speciosum • Philotheca falcata • Phlegmariurus squarrosus • Phreatia limenophylax • Pimelea bracteata • Pimelea cremnophila • Pimelea spinescens subsp. pubiflora • Pimelea spinescens subsp. Spinescens • Plinthanthesis rodwayi • Pneumatopteris truncata • Pomaderris delicata • Pomaderris reperta • Pomaderris vacciniifolia • Pomaderris walshii • Prasophyllum atratum • Prasophyllum bagoense • Prasophyllum castaneum • Prasophyllum favonium • Prasophyllum incorrectum • Prasophyllum innubum • Prasophyllum keltonii • Prasophyllum laxum • Prasophyllum limnetes • Prasophyllum milfordense • Prasophyllum murfetii • Prasophyllum olidum • Prasophyllum perangustum • Prasophyllum pulchellum • Prasophyllum robustum • Prasophyllum sp. Wybong • Prasophyllum stellatum • Prasophyllum taphanyx • Prostanthera albohirta • Prostanthera clotteniana • Prostanthera gilesii • Prostanthera marifolia • Prostanthera staurophylla • Pterostylis bryophila • Pterostylis commutata • Pterostylis oreophila • Pterostylis psammophila • Pterostylis valida • Pterostylis vernalis • Pterostylis wapstrarum • Ptilotus pyramidatus • Pultenaea sp. Genowlan Point • Reedia spathacea • Reedia spathacea • Rhizanthella gardneri • Rhizanthella johnstonii • Rhodamnia rubescens • Rhodomyrtus psidioides • Scaevola macrophylla • Seringia exastia • Solanum orgadophilum • Sphaerolobium acanthos • Spyridium fontis-woodii • Stylidium amabile • Stylidium applanatum • Stylidium semaphorum • Styphelia longissimi • Synaphea sp. Fairbridge Farm • Synaphea sp. Serpentine • Tetratheca gunnii • Tetratheca nephelioides • Thelymitra adorata • Thelymitra cyanapicata • Thelymitra hygrophila • Thelymitra kangaloonica • Thynninorchis nothofagicola • Veronica derwentiana subsp. homalodonta • Verticordia apecta • Wikstroemia australis • Wollemia nobilis • Zieria buxijugum • Zieria exsul • Zieria odorifera subsp. warrabahensis • Zieria parrisia
Endangered species
Acacia aprica • Acacia aristulata • Acacia ataxiphylla subsp. magna • Acacia brachypoda • Acacia chapmanii subsp. Australis • Acacia cretacea • Acacia enterocarpa • Acacia imitans • Acacia meiantha • Acacia pinguifolia • Acacia porcata • Acacia pygmaea • Acacia recurvate • Acacia ruppii • Acacia spilleriana • Acacia splendens • Acacia subflexuosa subsp. capillata • Acacia vassalii • Acacia volubilis • Acacia whibleyana • Acacia wilsonii • Acacia woodmaniorum • Acronychia littoralis • Adenanthos dobagii • Adenanthos velutinus • Alectryon ramiflorus • Allocasuarina defungens • Allocasuarina glareicola • Allocasuarina portuensis • Allocasuarina robusta • Allocasuarina thalassoscopica • Amyema plicatula • Andersonia axilliflora • Androcalva perlaria • Androcalva rosea • Apium prostratum subsp. Porongurup Range • Aponogeton bullosus • Aponogeton prolifer • Archontophoenix myolensis • Aristida granitica • Asterolasia elegans • Astrotricha roddii • Atalaya collina • Atriplex yeelirrie • Austrostipa bronwenae • Austrostipa wakoolica • Baeckea kandos • Banksia brownii • Banksia ionthocarpa • Banksia mimica • Banksia montana • Banksia pseudoplumosa • Banksia rufa subsp. pumila • Barbarea australis • Bertya granitica • Bertya ingramii • Bertya tasmanica subsp. tasmanica • Beyeria lepidopetala • Blechnum norfolkianum • Boronia capitata subsp. Capitate • Boronia clavata • Boronia exilis • Boronia granitica • Boronia repanda • Boronia revolute • Bossiaea peninsularis • Bossiaea sp. Frankland • Brachyscome muelleri • Burmannia sp. Bathurst Island • Caladenia amoena • Caladenia arenaria • Caladenia argocalla • Caladenia atroclavia • Caladenia audasii • Caladenia barbarella • Caladenia behrii • Caladenia colorata • Caladenia conferta • Caladenia dienema • Caladenia dorrienii • Caladenia drakeoides • Caladenia elegan • Caladenia fulva • Caladenia gladiolata • Caladenia graniticola • Caladenia granitora • Caladenia hoffmanii • Caladenia macroclavia • Caladenia orientalis • Caladenia rigida • Caladenia robinsonii • Caladenia tensa • Caladenia thysanochila • Caladenia williamsiae • Centrolepis pedderensis • Conospermum densiflorum subsp. unicephalatum • Conostylis dielsii subsp. teres • Conostylis drummondii • Conostylis micrantha • Coprosma baueri • Coprosma pilosa • Corchorus cunninghamii • Correa eburnean • Corunastylis brachystachya • Craspedia preminghana • Daphnandra johnsonii • Darwinia acerosa • Darwinia apiculata • Darwinia polychroma • Daviesia dielsii • Daviesia euphorbioides • Daviesia microcarpa • Daviesia obovata • Daviesia pseudaphylla • Daviesia speciosa • Decaspermum struckoilicum • Dendrobium antennatum • Dendrobium brachypus • Dendrobium mirbelianum • Dendrobium nindii • Deyeuxia appressa • Deyeuxia drummondii • Dichanthium queenslandicum • Diplazium pallidum • Diplolaena andrewsii • Dipodium campanulatum • Dipodium pictum • Diuris aequalis • Diuris eborensis • Diuris pedunculata • Diuris purdiei • Drakaea confluens • Drakaea isolate • Drummondita ericoides • Elaeocarpus sedentarius • Elaeocarpus williamsianus • Endiandra cooperana • Epacris barbata • Epacris hamiltonii • Eremochloa muricata • Eremophila ciliata • Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata • Eremophila glabra subsp. chlorella • Eremophila nivea • Eremophila pinnatifida • Eremophila scaberula • Eremophila subteretifolia • Eremophila ternifolia • Eremophila verticillata • Eremophila viscida • Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. limaensis • Eucalyptus brevipes • Eucalyptus burdettiana • Eucalyptus canobolensis • Eucalyptus conglomerata • Eucalyptus copulans • Eucalyptus crenulata • Eucalyptus crucis subsp. praecipua • Eucalyptus cuprea • Eucalyptus dolorosa • Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata • Eucalyptus imlayensis • Eucalyptus impensa • Eucalyptus insularis • Eucalyptus largeana • Eucalyptus leprophloia • Eucalyptus macarthurii • Eucalyptus morrisbyi • Eucalyptus paludicola • Eucalyptus pruiniramis • Eucalyptus recta • Eucalyptus sp. Howes Swamp Creek • Eucalyptus x balanites • Eucalyptus x phylacis • Euphrasia collina subsp. muelleri • Fimbristylis adjunct • Frankenia conferta • Frankenia parvula • Frankenia plicata • Gardenia actinocarpa • Gastrolobium graniticum • Gastrolobium hamulosum • Gastrolobium humile • Gastrolobium papilio • Gaultheria viridicarpa • Geniostoma huttonii • Genoplesium baueri • Genoplesium plumosum • Genoplesium rhyoliticum • Genoplesium tectum • Gentiana baeuerlenii • Gingidia rupicola • Glyceria drummondii • Goodenia arthrotricha • Gossia gonoclada • Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. paludosa • Grevillea acropogon • Grevillea althoferorum • Grevillea batrachioides • Grevillea beadleana • Grevillea calliantha • Grevillea christineae • Grevillea corrugata • Grevillea curviloba subsp. curviloba • Grevillea curviloba subsp. incurva • Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides • Grevillea guthrieana • Grevillea humifusa • Grevillea iaspicula • Grevillea infundibularis • Grevillea maccutcheonii • Grevillea masonii • Grevillea maxwellii • Grevillea mollis • Grevillea molyneuxii • Grevillea murex • Grevillea obtusiflora • Grevillea pythara • Grevillea rara • Habenaria maccraithii • Hakea dohertyi • Hakea pulvinifera • Haloragis eyreana • Haloragodendron lucasii • Helicteres macrothrix • Hemiandra gardneri • Hemiandra rutilans • Hibbertia basaltica • Homoranthus decumbens • Hypocalymma angustifolium subsp. Hutt River • Hypocalymma sp. Cascade • Hypocalymma sylvestre • Hypolepis distans • Indigofera efoliata • Irenepharsus trypherus • Isopogon uncinatus • Jacksonia pungens • Jacksonia quairading • Jacksonia velveta • Kennedia lateritia • Lambertia echinata subsp. echinata • Lambertia echinata subsp. occidentalis • Lambertia fairallii • Lambertia orbifolia • Lasiopetalum pterocarpum • Lasiopetalum rotundifolium • Lastreopsis calantha • Lechenaultia laricina • Leionema lachnaeoides • Lepidium peregrinum • Lepidosperma rostratum • Leucochrysum albicans subsp. tricolor • Leucopogon confertus • Leucopogon gnaphalioides • Leucopogon nitidus • Leucopogon obtectus • Leucopogon sp. Coolmunda • Livistona mariae subsp. mariae • Lychnothamnus barbatus • Macadamia jansenii • Marattia salicina (Ptisana salicina) • Marianthus paralius • Melaleuca sciotostyla • Melaleuca sp. Wanneroo • Melichrus sp. Gibberagee • Melichrus sp. Newfoundland State Forest • Microcarpaea agonis • Micromyrtus grandis • Microtis angusii • Muehlenbeckia australis • Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong • Myriophyllum lapidicola • Myrsine richmondensis • Ochrosia moorei • Olearia arckaringensis • Olearia flocktoniae • Olearia hygrophila • Ornduffia calthifolia • Pandanus spiralis var. flammeus • Paracaleana dixonii • Parsonsia dorrigoensis • Patersonia spirifolia • Pelargonium sp. Striatellum • Pennantia endlicheri • Persoonia hirsuta • Persoonia micranthera • Persoonia mollis subsp. maxima • Petrophile latericola • Phaius australis • Phaius bernaysii • Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. Rosenstromii • Pherosphaera fitzgeraldii • Philotheca basistyla • Philotheca freyciana • Philotheca wonganensis • Phlegmariurus carinatus • Phlegmariurus dalhousieanus • Phlegmariurus filiformis • Phreatia paleata • Pimelea axiflora subsp. pubescens • Pimelea spicata • Pimelea venosa • Pityrodia sp. Marble Bar • Planchonella costata • Planchonella eerwah • Plectranthus habrophyllus • Plectranthus nitidus • Plectranthus omissus • Plectranthus torrenticola • Plesioneuron tuberculatum • Polyphlebium endlicherianum • Polystichum moorei • Pomaderris cocoparrana • Pomaderris cotoneaster • Prasophyllum amoenum • Prasophyllum apoxychilum • Prasophyllum crebriflorum • Prasophyllum diversiflorum • Prasophyllum goldsackii • Prasophyllum petilum • Prasophyllum pruinosum • Prasophyllum secutum • Prasophyllum suaveolens • Prasophyllum subbisectum • Prasophyllum tunbridgense • Prostanthera junonis • Pteris kingiana • Pteris zahlbruckneriana • Pterostylis despectans • Pterostylis gibbosa • Pterostylis lepida • Pterostylis saxicola • Pterostylis sinuata • Pterostylis sp. Botany Bay • Pterostylis sp. Hale • Pultenaea elusa • Pultenaea trichophylla • Ranunculus prasinus • Rhizanthella slateri • Ricinocarpos brevis • Ricinocarpos trichophorus • Roycea pycnophylloides • Sagina diemensis • Samadera sp. Moonee Creek • Sankowskya stipularis • Schoenia filifolia subsp. subulifolia • Senecio evansianus • Solanum dissectum • Solanum graniticum • Solanum johnsonianum • Solanum sulphureum • Sphenotoma drummondii • Spirogardnera rubescens • Sporobolus pamelae • Spyridium furculentum • Spyridium lawrencei • Stonesiella selaginoides • Streblus pendulinus • Stylidium asymmetricum • Stylidium coroniforme subsp. amblyphyllum • Stylidium coroniforme subsp. coroniforme • Stylidium ensatum • Symonanthus bancroftii • Synaphea quartzitica • Synaphea sp. Pinjarra • Synaphea stenoloba • Tectaria devexa • Tetratheca deltoidea • Tetratheca paynterae • Thelymitra dedmaniarum • Thelymitra epipactoides • Thelymitra jonesii • Thelymitra stellata • Thomasia sp. Green Hill • Toechima pterocarpum • Toechima sp. East Alligator • Trachymene scapigera • Triplarina imbricata • Triplarina nowraensis • Trithuria occidentalis • Triunia robusta • Tylophora linearis • Tylophora rupicola • Tylophora woollsii • Typhonium jonesii • Typhonium mirabile • Typhonium taylori • Veronica parnkalliana • Verticordia albida • Verticordia densiflora var. pedunculata • Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. fimbrilepis • Verticordia hughanii • Verticordia pityrhops • Verticordia plumosa var. vassensis • Verticordia spicata subsp. squamosa • Verticordia staminosa subsp. staminosa • Verticordia staminosa var. cylindracea • Vrydagzynea grayi • Westringia kydrensis • Wurmbea tubulosa • Xanthorrhoea bracteata • Xanthostemon formosus • Xerothamnella herbacea • Xylopia monosperma • Xylosma parvifolia • Zehneria baueriana • Zieria adenophora • Zieria baeuerlenii • Zieria bifida • Zieria covenyi • Zieria floydii • Zieria granulata • Zieria lasiocaulis • Zieria prostrata
Vulnerable species
Acacia ammophila • Acacia anomala • Acacia aphylla • Acacia araneosa • Acacia awestoniana • Acacia axillaris • Acacia bynoeana • Acacia caerulescens • Acacia carneorum • Acacia constablei • Acacia courtii • Acacia crombiei • Acacia curranii • Acacia dangarensis • Acacia denticulosa • Acacia depressa • Acacia deuteroneura • Acacia eremophiloides • Acacia flocktoniae • Acacia forrestiana • Acacia georgensis • Acacia glandulicarpa • Acacia grandifolia • Acacia handonis • Acacia lauta • Acacia macnuttiana • Acacia menzelii • Acacia phasmoides • Acacia praemorsa • Acacia praetermissa • Acacia pubescens • Acacia pubifolia • Acacia pycnostachya • Acacia rhetinocarpa • Acriopsis emarginata • Acrophyllum australe • Actephila foetida • Adenanthos ellipticus • Adenanthos pungens subsp. pungens • Allocasuarina fibrosa • Allocasuarina simulans • Allocasuarina tortiramula • Alloxylon flammeum • Almaleea cambagei • Ammobium craspedioides • Amphibromus fluitans • Andersonia pinaster • Androcalva procumbens • Angophora inopina • Angophora robur • Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans • Anthocercis gracilis • Apatophyllum olsenii • Apium prostratum subsp. Porongurup Range • Archidendron lovelliae • Argyrotegium nitidulum • Aristida annua • Arthraxon hispidus • Asperula asthenes • Asplenium pellucidum • Asplenium wildii • Asterolasia nivea • Asterolasia phebalioides • Astrotricha crassifolia • Atriplex infrequens • Austrostipa metatoris • Baloghia marmorata • Baloskion longipes • Banksia catoglypta • Banksia goodii • Banksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides • Banksia sphaerocarpa var. dolichostyla • Banksia squarrosa subsp. argillacea • Banksia verticillata • Bertya calycina • Bertya ernestiana • Bertya opponens • Bertya pinifolia • Boronia adamsiana • Boronia deanei • Boronia galbraithiae • Boronia gunnii • Boronia hemichiton • Boronia hippopala • Boronia keysii • Boronia umbellata • Bosistoa transversa • Bossiaea oligosperma • Bothriochloa bunyensis • Brachyscome papillosa • Breynia macrantha • Budawangia gnidioides (Epacris gnidioides) • Bulbophyllum globuliforme • Bulbophyllum gracillimum • Bulbophyllum longiflorum • Cadellia pentastylis • Caladenia brumalis 54 | Environmental Justice Australia • Caladenia bryceana subsp. cracens • Caladenia christineae • Caladenia concolor • Caladenia Formosa • Caladenia harringtoniae • Caladenia ornate • Caladenia versicolor • Caladenia wanosa • Caladenia woolcockiorum • Calectasia pignattiana • Callistemon kenmorrisonii • Callistemon pungens • Callitris oblonga • Calophyllum bicolor • Calotis glandulosa • Calytrix gurulmundensis • Canarium acutifolium • Capparis thozetiana • Cassinia rugata • Cepobaculum carronii • Chamelaucium sp. Cataby • Chamelaucium sp. S coastal plain • Clematis fawcettii • Codonocarpus pyramidalis • Colobanthus curtisiae • Comesperma oblongatum • Conospermum hookeri • Coopernookia scabridiuscula • Corokia whiteana • Correa baeuerlenii • Correa calycina • Corybas dentatus • Corybas montanus • Corymbia clandestina • Corymbia leptoloma • Corymbia rhodops • Corymbia xanthope • Corynocarpus rupestris subsp. rupestris • Cryptocarya foetida • Cryptostylis hunteriana • Ctenopterella blechnoides • Cupaniopsis shirleyana • Cupaniopsis tomentella • Cycas cairnsiana • Cycas platyphylla • Cycas silvestris • Cyclophyllum costatum • Cyperus semifertilis • Darwinia biflora • Darwinia masonii • Darwinia meeboldii • Darwinia nubigena • Darwinia squarrosa • Daviesia discolor • Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata • Daviesia laevis • Dendrobium bigibbum • Dendrobium johannis • Denhamia parvifolia • Desmodium acanthocladum • Deyeuxia pungens • Deyeuxia pungens • Dischidia litoralis • Diuris drummondii • Diuris micrantha • Diuris ochroma • Diuris praecox • Diuris venosa • Dodonaea rupicola • Drakaea concolor • Drakaea micrantha • Drosera prolifera • Drosera schizandra • Drummondita longifolia • Eleocharis keigheryi • Eleocharis obicis • Eleocharis papillosa • Eleocharis retroflexa • Endiandra hayesii • Epacris sparsa • Epilobium brunnescens subsp. beaugleholei • Eremophila denticulata subsp denticulata • Eremophila prostrata • Eremophila rostrata • Eremophila vernicosa • Eucalyptus aggregata • Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. miscella • Eucalyptus aquatica • Eucalyptus argophloia • Eucalyptus argutifolia • Eucalyptus articulata • Eucalyptus beaniana • Eucalyptus beardiana • Eucalyptus benthamii • Eucalyptus cadens • Eucalyptus caleyi subsp. ovendenii • Eucalyptus camfieldii • Eucalyptus ceracea • Eucalyptus coronata • Eucalyptus crispata • Eucalyptus crucis subsp. crucis • Eucalyptus glaucina • Eucalyptus hallii • Eucalyptus infera • Eucalyptus johnsoniana • Eucalyptus kabiana • Eucalyptus kartzoffiana • Eucalyptus langleyi • Eucalyptus lateritica • Eucalyptus mckieana • Eucalyptus merrickiae • Eucalyptus mooreana • Eucalyptus nicholii • Eucalyptus paedoglauca • Eucalyptus parramattensis subsp. decadens • Eucalyptus parvula • Eucalyptus platydisca • Eucalyptus pulverulenta • Eucalyptus pumila • Eucalyptus raveretiana • Eucalyptus rhodantha • Eucalyptus robertsonii subsp. hemisphaerica • Eucalyptus rubida subsp. barbigerorum • Eucalyptus scoparia • Eucalyptus steedmanii • Eucalyptus strzeleckii • Eucalyptus suberea • Eucalyptus synandra • Eucalyptus tetrapleura • Eucalyptus virens • Eucryphia wilkiei • Euphorbia carissoides • Euphrasia bella • Euphrasia bowdeniae • Euphrasia crassiuscula subsp. glandulifera • Euphrasia eichleri • Floydia praealta • Fontainea australis • Fontainea rostrata • Fontainea venosa • Gardenia psidioides • Gastrolobium appressum • Gastrolobium lehmannii • Gastrolobium modestum • Genoplesium vernale • Gentiana wissmannii • Germainia capitata • Goodenia integerrima • Goodenia quadrifida • Graptophyllum ilicifolium • Grevillea banyabba • Grevillea bedggoodiana • Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis • Grevillea celata • Grevillea elongata • Grevillea evansiana • Grevillea flexuosa • Grevillea floripendula • Grevillea glossadenia • Grevillea infecunda • Grevillea kennedyana • Grevillea montis-cole subsp. brevistyla • Grevillea parviflora subsp. parviflora • Grevillea quadricauda • Grevillea raybrownii • Grevillea rhizomatosa • Grevillea shiressii • Grevillea treueriana • Hakea aculeata • Hakea archaeoides • Hakea fraseri • Hakea maconochieana • Hakea megalosperma • Hakea trineura • Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata • Haloragis exalata subsp. velutina • Helichrysum calvertianum • Hensmania chapmanii • Hexaspora pubescens • Hibbertia crispula • Hibbertia humifusa subsp. debilis • Hibbertia humifusa subsp. erigens • Hibbertia marginata • Hibiscus brennanii • Hibiscus cravenii • Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia • Homopholis belsonii • Homoranthus darwinioides 56 | Environmental Justice Australia • Homoranthus lunatus • Homoranthus montanus • Homoranthus porteri • Homoranthus prolixus • Hoya australis subsp. oramicola • Hydriastele costata • Hypocalymma longifolium • Isopogon fletcheri • Kardomia granitica • Kelleria bogongensis • Kennedia glabrata • Kennedia retrorsa • Kunzea cambagei • Kunzea ericifolia subsp. Subulata • Lasiopetalum joyceae • Lasiopetalum longistamineum • Lastreopsis walleri • Lawrencia buchananensis • Lechenaultia chlorantha • Leiocarpa gatesii • Leionema obtusifolium • Leionema ralstonii • Leionema sympetalum • Lepidium pseudopapillosum • Leptomeria dielsiana • Leptospermum deanei • Leptospermum thompsonii • Leucopogon exolasius • Leucopogon sp. Ongerup • Limonium australe var. baudinii • Limosella granitica • Lindsaea pulchella var. blanda • Livistona lanuginosa • Lobelia gelida • Logania diffusa • Macadamia integrifolia • Macadamia ternifolia • Macadamia tetraphylla • Macropteranthes montana • Macrozamia conferta • Macrozamia machinii • Macrozamia occidua • Macrozamia parcifolia • Marsdenia brevifolia • Marsdenia longiloba • Marsdenia paludicola • Medicosma elliptica • Medicosma obovata • Melaleuca biconvexa • Melaleuca deanei • Melaleuca kunzeoides • Microcorys eremophiloides • Microlepidium alatum • Micromyrtus blakelyi • Micromyrtus minutiflora • Microtis globula • Mitrella tiwiensis • Myoporum cordifolium • Myriophyllum coronatum • Myriophyllum porcatum • Myrmecodia beccarii • Neisosperma kilneri • Nematolepis frondosa • Nematolepis rhytidophylla • Nematolepis squamea subsp. coriacea • Nematolepis wilsonii • Neoastelia spectabilis • Neoroepera buxifolia • Newcastelia velutina • Notelaea lloydii • Olax angulata • Olearia astroloba • Olearia cordata • Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa • Omphalea celata • Oreogrammitis reinwardtii • Owenia cepiodora • Ozothamnus eriocephalus • Ozothamnus reflexifolius • Ozothamnus tesselatus • Ozothamnus vagans • Parsonsia larcomensis • Paspalidium grandispiculatum • Persicaria elatior • Persoonia acerosa • Persoonia bargoensis • Persoonia glaucescens • Persoonia marginata • Persoonia mollis subsp. revoluta • Petrophile nivea • Phaius pictus • Phaleria biflora • Phebalium glandulosum subsp. eglandulosum • Phebalium whitei • Philotheca papillata • Phlegmariurus lockyeri • Phlegmariurus marsupiiformis • Phlegmariurus tetrastichoides • Phyllota humifusa • Picris evae • Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora • Pimelea leptospermoides • Pimelea pagophila • Pityrodia augustensis • Plectranthus gratus • Plectranthus leiperi • Pleuropappus phyllocalymmeus • Poa sallacustris • Polianthion minutiflorum • Polyscias bellendenkerensis • Pomaderris gilmourii var. cana • Pomaderris pallida • Pomaderris parrisiae • Pomaderris pilifera subsp. talpicutica • Pomaderris sericea • Pomaderris subplicata • Poranthera petalifera • Prasophyllum colemaniae • Prasophyllum fuscum • Prasophyllum morganii • Prasophyllum pallidum • Prasophyllum wallum • Prostanthera calycina • Prostanthera cineolifera • Prostanthera cryptandroides subsp. cryptandroides • Prostanthera densa • Prostanthera discolor • Prostanthera galbraithiae • Prostanthera nudula • Prostanthera schultzii • Prostanthera sp. Dunmore • Prostanthera spathulata • Prostanthera stricta • Pseudocephalozia paludicola • Pterostylis arenicola • Pterostylis bicornis • Pterostylis cucullata • Pterostylis mirabilis • Pterostylis pratensis • Pterostylis pulchella • Pterostylis ziegeleri • Ptychosema pusillum • Pultenaea aristata • Pultenaea baeuerlenii • Pultenaea glabra • Pultenaea parrisiae • Pultenaea parviflora • Pultenaea pauciflora • Pultenaea setulosa • Pultenaea williamsoniana • Ranunculus anemoneus • Rhagodia acicularis • Rhaphidospora bonneyana • Rhaponticum australe • Rhinerrhizopsis matutina • Ristantia gouldii • Romnalda strobilacea • Rutidosis heterogama • Rutidosis leiolepis • Rytidosperma pumilum • Samadera bidwillii • Sannantha crenulata • Sannantha tozerensis • Sarcochilus fitzgeraldii • Sarcochilus hartmannii • Sarcochilus hirticalcar • Sarcochilus weinthalii • Sclerolaena blakei • Sclerolaena walkeri • Selaginella andrewsii • Senecio megaglossus • Senecio psilocarpus • Solanum dunalianum • Solanum karsense • Sophora fraseri • Spyridium coactilifolium • Stachystemon nematophorus • Stackhousia annua • Stenanthemum pimeleoides • Stylidium galioides • Styphelia perileuca • Swainsona murrayana • Symplocos baeuerlenii • Syzygium hodgkinsoniae • Syzygium moorei • Syzygium velarum • Tasmannia glaucifolia • Tecticornia bulbosa • Tephrosia leveillei • Tetraria australiensis • Tetratheca aphylla • Tetratheca harperi • Tetratheca juncea • Thelymitra mackibbinii • Thelymitra matthewsii • Thelymitra psammophila • Thesium australe • Thomasia glabripetala • Thomasia montana • Thryptomene wittweri • Tomophyllum walleri • Tribonanthes purpurea • Trichanthodium baracchianum • Triplarina nitchaga • Tropilis callitrophilis • Vanda hindsii • Vappodes phalaenopsis • Velleia perfoliata • Veronica ciliolata • Verticordia carinata • Verticordia crebra • Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. australis • Verticordia helichrysantha • Westringia cremnophila • Westringia davidii • Westringia parvifolia • Westringia rupicola • Xanthorrhoea arenaria • Xanthostemon oppositifolius • Xerochrysum palustre • Xerothamnella parvifolia • Xyris exilis • Zeuxine polygonoides • Zieria citriodora • Zieria collina • Zieria murphyi • Zieria obovata • Zieria rimulosa • Zieria tuberculata • Zieria verrucosa